Digital audio, video and still image files each contain a certain amount of noise. This is a data which can be altered or eliminated without appreciable degradation noticeable by a human observer. Low-cost embedded imaging sensors that are typically found in early or inexpensive camera phones exhibit high noise floors in both luminance and chrominance due to their small size, artificially increased sensitivity and typically lack of flash. Using sample images taken with inexpensive camera phones at the default resolution for MMS (120x160px), it was observed that LSB (least significant bit) plane resemble more closely random noise than image content. The design of BlackNoise, a system which uses mobile phones with cameras and embeds a message within PNG bitmap across four least significant bits of each colour channel. But leaving the alpha or transparency channel untouched. An image of 160x120pixels in this instance could embed 160 character 140 byte payload limit message. So any party observing communication ideally would not detect messages passed between parties. BlackNoise project could be a useful tool in regimes such as China who are actively censoring content across various communications channels under the supports to "remove" offensive materials, often with full cooperation from state-run agencies such as China Mobile. (BlackNoise: Low-fi Lightweight Steganography in Service of Free Speech; Michael Paik)
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